Furnace.



No. 896,167. PATENTED AUG. 1s, 190s.

P. T. SNYDBR.

PUR-NACE.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 31; 1906. 4

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

l i fy'f" /g- M1 No. 896,167*l .PATENTED AUG. 18,'1908.

f P. T. SNYDER.

PURNAGE.

APPLOATION FILED MAY 31, 1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

" IH Hlll To aZZ-whm it may concern:

80 asa v50 by`convection.

"` FREDERICK T. s'NYDER, or OAK PARK, ILLINOIS.

v y FURNAQE,

l Be it known that I, FREDERICK T. SNYDER, citizen of the United States, residing at Oak Park, in the county of Cook and State of, Illi nois, have inventeda certain new and useful Improvement in Furnaces, of which the following is a full,'clear, concise, and exactdescii/ption. p v

i y invention relates toa furnace or retort,

and its object is to provide apparatus of simple construction which will ut ize to the fullest degree. the heat developed in the furnace,

" `which will minimize the esca e of heat therefrom by convection, and w ich will permit the maintenance of a uniform temperature in the furnace chamber or retort.

Onel feature of my invention consistslof a vessel or chamber having air-tight sides and top and a charging-opening at the bottom,

and suitablelmeans for heatin said vessel, said vessel being adapted to inc ose material, such Afor exam le as wood, for treatment, and

-having aA pipe eading from the 'interior to the L exterior of the vessel for withdrawing the volatile products of distillation.

While I do not wish to be considered as limiting myself, except as -hereinafter set forth in the claims, to any particular means for a plying'heat'to s'aid vessel, nevertheless,

lfurther feature of my invention, I ma for such pur ose employ a furnace in whic the sides an top thereofare inclosed or airtight tov prevent the heated air or gases de- -velo ed'in vthe furnace from, escaping up-j war ly, and in which the charging o ening 1s located atthe bottom. As 1s we fknown, air or gases when heatedA ascend, and ifthe only opening to the vessel 'or to the furnace chamber or to both is located at the bottom,

.40 the egress -of heated airv from said vessel andA said chamber and the consequent'ingress of cold airis so small as to be negligible. For this reason, no door is provided forthe chargingopening -of thevessel, and in pase the i '45 furnace likewise has 'its charging opening at y j the bottom, the'` door t'o said 'chargingopening may 'likewise -be entirely omitted, as ,ls 1n l some `cases desirable, ,without appreciable escape of the heat of the furnace 'downwardly The apparatus comprising my .invention is i not limited to anL particular use, 'but may be most advantage usly em loyed in carrying out the process Afor the'` estructive distillation of wood -described linymy Patent No.

v Specication of vLetters P atent.

v P applicati@ md nay`a1, 190s; serial No. 319,453.

'no part yof the ,electric furnace.

,S2-1,264 of Mayazznd, 1906. I will, therefora Patented Aug'. 18', 190s.'

describe my invention as embodied a fur-7 nace adapted to such use.

Figure- 1 is a vertical sectional view-ofalr electric furnace, with a removable'innerfvese treatment, in position to be hoisted into the furnace, the o'sition of the door ofthe fur- A nace-and of t e vessel when the/latter istinserted `in Ithe furnace, 'being indicated in dotted lines; Figi 2 is a similardview .partly n elevation, showing' the hoisting means in po-x -sition to remove a vessel'fromthe 'furnace y' the outlet pipe having beenre'moved to. peri Fig-.,B is a horizontal w' -Init this operation.

by reference to the acolllpnlvlyillg.drawings sel, which immediately contains the wood for place; and Fig. 5 is a separated detail view showing parts -of the lower portioniof-the fur-r nace. f

-Li-ke parts are designated by similarl letters of reference `throughout the several views.

j The furnace or retort Alias its interior side I walls lined with a flatheating coilcomprising continuous `return bend conductors B of` cast iron,or other suitable material extending which I preferably heat the furnace, as 'this ermits exact regulation of the temperature.

' bottom view. of the furnacewitl the door in 'from the Vtop tothe bottom of the walls, for ,the passage'of an electric current by means of he material'heated in the furnace thus forms. l

By this means I am enabled to continuously apply heat to the interior of the furnace irrespective of whether or not.the furnace is charged with material under process of treatment, thereby maintaining the heatin the furnace during the time one chargeis being removed an another inserted. An alternating current of constant potential furnished by a generator C-may be used to maintain the furnaceat a uniform temperature'.

In using myfurnace for the treatment of wood to extractl the turpentine therefrom, I

have found that a current of a thousandamperes having a potential of two hundred volts maintains a ,furnacex or4 retort holdin "oneg half of a cordo'f wood at approximate y the. I '105.

temperature at which turpentine in form of or is released froml the wood.

va "lhe' wood .to b'e treated is preferably placed inside' of a vessel-D, somewhat smaller 1n size'than the interior of the furnace, and

rests upon a grate d removably secured in any suitable manner near the bottom of `vessel. I employ 'this separate lcontainer 1nV -order that, when the wood has been suffi-- ciently treated, it may be immediatel re- 'moved without the danger `ofthe resldua'l- `charcoal lor any portion'thereof burning to 5 ashfby exposure to air in its heated condij=- .y tion In order to prevent an i v ress of air sufficient to damage -the charcoa *Whenethe heated vessel is removed fromthefurnace,

the top d of the vessel Dis securely sealed,

- asfshown. At the endof the period of distillation, the vessel D is removed from the fur-` nace through the-chargingfopening h and'V is `maintained in an.- u

right position. l Although the bottom o saidve'ssel may be In the D containing wood is' t en insertedin the furnace, while .the vessel containing `the .charcoal V is allowed to cool, with the charcoal thus pro.'

tected from'the air. 'i The furnace itself need not be cooled down.

In Figs, 1 and 2 lI have shown means forfeedinga vessel D into the furnace or removssamv A "is preferablyiforme'd. two loosely telescope s' ing sections. The -up'ier section exten through thegratefd-an fis removable theref with.- The lowersectibn of the outlet pipe kextends through thev ldor u, telescoping 1 nt'o thel upper sectionl of the pipe. Said `lower section-ofA the pipe g may be uncoupled atg from the pipesecti'on g2,in order that .the pipe arm g2 may be swung out of-the'way in char 'ng the furnace,- the pipe g? beingprovide with a swing joint g3. By thus locating'v the pipeg away from the heated walls B and also removing the formed, away. from the chamber, a'wider range of temperature is pernn'ssibletwithoutdangerl of 'decomposing either the turpentine vapor'so'r the pitc -The furnaces. of my invention` permits ;ofl the ,continuous maintenance of `auniform' `temperature i`n ..the retort. or furnace. My

pitch, as fast as it is l cated portion of the` invention as -embodied inafurnace'for the r destructive'distillation of wood enables the production ofaclean, clear turpentine, the

saving"v of thereof, and't pitch 'without :decomposition e saving also ofthe charcoal in'` goodconditionffree from ash. The recessl of treatment fof wood moreover may e carned on contmuously, since 1t 1s not necessary to allow the furnace to cooloff before removing the same therefrom, throughv chargingf nace during the time the door-or cover a is j ing normally A- 40suitable hoisting device n, the head F. of

and lifts the -vesselD into 4:5 tends in a vertical direction, so that -the pitch *an easy path .inwhich; tofflow and rapidly 5'0 lying beneath thegrate/ d;

in `onechargeand inserting another. 1 95;

delirium-' y 1. In -a distillation ap aratus, the combilnationwrith la furnace, of) a vessel. for inclosing` material for .treatment in said furnace,. sa1d vessel having air-tight sides and to and 100 a charging opening atethe bottom', and eingi removable from saidfurnacefor the pur ose olj'v removingthe"treated products. an re-l charging said vesseLanda pipe communicate ing withtheinteor of-said vessel for withdrawing the volatile products ofdistilla'tion.

2. In a distillationapparatus, the combination with-a furnace having air `tight-sides vand to andl acharging-openin at the botetom,f.o a vessel for inclosing t e wood for treatment, said 'vessel having, airtight vsides /and top, and means forr withdrawing thev products off distillation- -through .the bottom of the vessel. f,

i 3. The combination .with-afurnace having opening h, located at the bottom of the furnace in "order, as .before stated, to prevent theescape 'of the -heated gases from lthe fur-v not in'iplace.- Said door a is removable, be-

b l held in: place. by one or more As' shown in Fig. 1., a vessel upon' a car E I )laced in-position over a neumatic or other which passes through anopening/in the car osition. The wood W is referab y arranged inthe vessel D so that the grain of .the woodexa extracted from the heatedwood is furnished removes ltself'fro'm'the vheatedpor'tion of the.

furnace to the comparativel lco'ol. portion pentine va 60 preferably h h pom thence it escapes t roug anjo eni 1in al trap sealed by the (pitc11.'frg 1n.t1le accessy of aii. It will be note that' Ithevpitch-being rapidly conductedaway from lthe heat is not decomv posed thereby, and consequently the productlon andminghng'of vapors of theta'rryprod'- guctswlth the turpentine vapors are prevented. The outlet pipe g for -conductin the turocatedverticallynean the middle of the vessel D, with its opening near the to thereof, 'andextends downwardly .throug the bottom ofthe furnace.|` I As shown most e5 'Outlet pipe lg, which extends intoftli'e furnacel ors to the usual conl ensersiis 'air-tight sides'. and to and a.charging jop'ening at the bottomt ereof, Vofa'vessel fory lnclosing material to'. be heated vin said fui-v 1 and top4 and a. charging o ening at the bottorn, and means fenwith rawin said vessel in anu right os1tionffrom said rnace.

4.' T e com inationwith a-furn'ace having 'i air-tight sides and'topand a chargin ing atthe bottom, of a vessel ada te sertion in said furnace said 'vesse being provided with air-tightsldes and top, an open bottom and a grate for retaining material forl treatment in seid. vessel, e Pipe extending threugh the bcttom of said vesselgand com vessel t0 Withdraw the volatile products.

given off by the material under treatment,

and' means for removing said vessel in an upright position from the furnace.

5. In anelectrlc furnace, a chamber havp closed sides and top and a charging-opene ing at the bottom, conductors arranged in the furnace for developing heat. electrically in the same, a vessel for insertion in said furnace having'air-tight sides and top, an open bottom, and a grate for retaining material within the same, a pipe located at approximatelythe vertical center of said vessel, said pipe communicating lwith the upper ortion of said vessel and the exterior of thev rnace movm one vessel in an upright position throug said charging .opening of the furnace and substitutmg another therefor'.

" '6. The combination with a furnace chamber having a charging opening, said chamber .being otherwise air-ti ht, of a vessel for in- Yso.

closing'material to be eated in said furnace,

said vessel also havinga charging opening and being otherwise air-tight,.and a door,

ada ted when said vessel is in osition in sai chamber to close both of sai openings,

thereby preventing communication between Y egress of the heated gases from said chamber.

8. In a furnace, for the treatment of Wood, the combination with alfurnace chamber of a vessel for inclosing wood for treatment in said chamber, said chamber and vessel each having air-tight sides and top and a charg. ing-opening at the bottom, a door ladapted when said vessel is in an upright osition in said chamber to close both of sai` chargingopenings, a pipe passing through an opening m said door into the interior of the vessel,

and atr'ap sealing an opening in said door through which the-pitch is conducted away.

I9. In a distillation apparatus, the combi' Y nation with a furnace, o a vessel for inclosing the material for treatment in said furnace, said vessel having air-tight sides and top, and acharging opening at the bottom, and a ipe communicating with the interior of said)l products of distillation. -l 10. The combination with a furnace, of a vessel ada 'ted for insertion in said furnace, said vesse being provided with air-tight sides and top, an open bottom and a grate for retaining material for treating in said vessel, an outlet pipe leading from'the u per portion of said vessel to the exterior o the furnace, for withdrawing the volatile products given oif by the heated material, and means for removing saidvessel in an upright position from the furnace.

1 1. In an electric furnace, a chamber, con1 ductors arranged in the furnace for developing heat electrically in said chamber, a vessel for insertion vin said chamber, saidl vessel vessel for withdrawing the volatile having air-tight sides andv top, an open botthe furnace to withdraw the volatile products given 0H by the heated material, and means for removing one vessel in an upright position from said chamber and substituting another. j

12. In a furnace, the combination with a furnace chamber having a charging o ening, of a vesselfor inclosing materialfor distillation in said chamber, Vsaid vessel having airtight sides and top, and a charging opening at the bottom, a cover adapted when said vessel is in an upright position in said chamber to close the charging o ening of said chamber, and an outlet pipe or the volatile products of distillation, said outlet pipe passing through an opening in said cover into the interior o f the vessel.

In witness whereoffI, hereunto subscribe 100 'A Witnesses:

DEAWITT C. TANNER,

ALFRED H. Moons. 

